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Objective@#To investigate the efficacy of antibacterial peptides in the adjuvant therapy of stage Ⅲ periodontitis.@*Methods@#Fifty-one patients were randomly divided into simple mechanical curettage group, minocycline hydrochloride group and antibacterial peptide group according to the treatment mode. Three groups received periodontal sequential treatment, and after the ultrasonic supragingival scaling, they were performed with curettage, root surface planing, polishing and flushing. After treatment in the minocycline hydrochloride group and the biological antibacterial peptide group, minocycline hydrochloride ointment and biological antibacterial peptide periodontal gel were injected into the periodontal pocket respectively. The mechanical curettage group did not take medicine. Periodontal checklists at baseline and 90 d after treatment were recorded to compare differences of the three groups in periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) and attachment level (AL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELSIA) was used to detect the change of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β by collecting the gingival crevicular fluid of the three sets at baseline, 7 d after treatment and 90 d after treatment. @*Results@#There was no statistically significant difference in periodontal clinical examination indexes(PD,BI,AL) and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in the gingival crevicular fluid between the three groups at baseline (P>0.05). At 7 and 90 d after treatment, all indexes in the three groups were improved compared with those before treatment. The comparison between groups showed that in periodontal pockets with PD≤5 mm, there was no statistically significant difference in the indicators between the three groups. In periodontal pockets with PD≥6 mm, the minocycline hydrochloride group and the bio-antibacterial peptide group had no statistically significant difference in various indicators, but they were all better than the mechanical scaling group.@*Conclusion@#Basic periodontal therapy is an important treatment for stage Ⅲ periodontitis. Minocycline hydrochloride and biological antibacterial peptides are both effective adjuvant drugs for deep periodontal pockets with PD≥6 mm.
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Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and susceptibility factors for bloodstream infections (BSI) of Enterococcus faecium in children, thus providing guidance for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods:Clinical data of 18 children with BSI of Enterococcus faecium treated in the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2011 to October 2019 were collected.Their underlying diseases, predisposing factors, clinical information, etiological data, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Sixteen of 18 children (88.9%) with BSI of Enterococcus faecium had underlying diseases, including intestinal diseases or intestinal surgery, preterm infants, hematological diseases, congenital heart disease, biliary atresia and urinary system malformations.Seventeen of 18 children (94.4%) had predisposing factors, including broad-spectrum antibiotics exposure, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, central venous catheterization, malnutrition, abdominal distension or intestinal infection, granulopenia or agranulocyte, mechanical ventilation.The underlying diseases and susceptible factors varied with the age of patients.The most common predisposing factors of all-aged patients with BSI of Enterococcus faecium were broad-spectrum antibiotics exposure (76.5%) and central venous catheterization (52.9%). In patients with single infection of Enterococcus faecium, their C-reactive protein (CRP) was normal or slightly elevated and no children died.The incidences of respiratory failure, shock and severe sepsis in patients with single infection of Enterococcus faecium were 16.6%, 0% and 8.3% respectively, which were 33.3%, 33.3% and 66.7% respectively in 6 children (33.3%) with mixed infections, and one died.Vancomycin-resistant strains were not found, and Vancomycin treatment was effective that quickly relieved clinical symptoms. Conclusions:(1)Most of children with BSI of Enterococcus faecium have underlying diseases and susceptible factors.The most common predisposing factors of all-aged patients with BSI of Enterococcus faecium are broad-spectrum antibiotics exposure and central venous catheterization.(2)The pathogenicity of Enterococcus faecium is low, and the clinical manifestations of BSI are atypical.(3)There is a high rate of mixed infections of Enterococcus faecium, and the severity and mortality of the mixed infected children are much higher than those with single infection.(4)No Vancomycin-resistant strains are found, and vancomycin treatment is effective that quickly relieves clinical symptoms.(5)Rational use of antibiotics and strict management of central venous cathete-rization are the most important preventive measures.
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Objective:To explore the regulatory effects of cow milk with the addition of breast milk equivalent dose of somatostatin (SST) and motilin (MTL) on food allergy and food intolerance.Methods:Young Brown Norway (BN) rats were divided into 5 groups and fed with pure breast milk(breast milk group), cow milk(cow milk group), cow milk added with SST(SST group), cow milk added with MTL(MTL group) and cow milk added with both SST+ MTL(SST+ MTL group). Allergic irritation was enhanced with skin smear at the same time.Clinical damages were quantified weekly.Levels of serous total Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and fecal calprotectin (FC) were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gastric emptying ratio and intestinal propulsion ratio were measured by method of dextran blue.Results:In breast milk group, cow milk group, SST group, MTL group and SST + MTL group, the levels of IgE were (45.75±5.05) μg/L, (580.42±45.24) μg/L, (290.38±22.88) μg/L, (424.26±22.17) μg/L, (209.49±17.59) μg/L, respectively; FC level were (149.07±24.78) μg/g, (458.85±33.81) μg/g, (343.63±34.97) μg/g, (407.79±29.62) μg/g, (296.83±28.77) μg/g, respectively; the total score of clinical damage were (0.50±0.61) scores, (9.37±1.04) scores, (6.83±1.49) scores, (7.00±1.14) scores, (5.37±1.19) scores, respectively.The cow milk group had the highest scores of clinical damages.Compared with the cow milk group, the clinical damage score, IgE and FC of the SST, MTL and SST+ MTL groups had significantly lower levels, and there was significant difference among them (all P<0.01). The general status of the SST + MTL group was most similar to the breast milk group.The gastric emptying rate of MTL group was the closest to that of breast milk group [(92.52±6.27)% vs.(100.00±9.70)%, P<0.05]. There were obvious diarrhea and fast small intestinal propulsion in cow milk group, the small intestinal propulsion ratio in breast milk group was (39.32±2.61)%, and (71.96±4.43) % in cow milk group, the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups ( P<0.01). The intestinal motility of SST+ MTL group was decreased, but it just prevented diarrhea caused by milk allergy, the small intestine propulsion ratio in SST+ MTL group was (38.90±2.65)% vs.breast milk group (39.32±2.61)%( P>0.05). Conclusions:The cow milk added with SST and MTL decreased allergic reaction and increased food tolerance in gastrointestinal tract, which was more similar to breast milk.SST was beneficial to relieving allergic immune reaction, MTL contributed to improving the gastrointestinal tolerance of cow milk.The combination of SST and MTL may achieve an antagonistic and balanced mechanism on gastrointestinal regulation, which could synergistically improve the gastrointestinal tolerance of cow milk.
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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and screen pathogens and prognosis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis in children and so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children.Methods A retrospective and follow-up analysis of 38 cases of pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis was performed,who were admitted to the West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University from May 2012 to June 2016,and their clinical features,associated pathogen screening,treatment and progno-sis were reviewed.Results Those 38 cases included 14 males and 24 females.The age ranged from 1 year and 10 months to 17 years and 6 months.The most common symptoms were psychiatric symptoms(33 cases),and dyskinesias and movement disorders(33 cases),speech disturbances(31 cases).Twenty-four cases(63.2%)received positive pathogenic screening and only one case had right ovarian mature cystic teratoma.Among them,11 cases had positive mycoplasma pneumonia immunoglobulin M(IgM)antibodies,10 cases had positive virus screening,and 1 case had toxoplasma gondii IgM antibodies positive,and 2 cases had mix infection.Symptoms of one case were relieved after anti-toxoplasma treatment without immunosuppression treatment,and another case had partial symptom relief after mycoplas-ma pneumonia treatment.Thirty-seven cases received immunosuppressant therapy(4 cases were treated with glucocor-ticoid,12 cases were treated with glucocorticoid combined with immune globulin,2 cases were treated with glucocorti-coid combined with plasma exchange,still 19 cases were treated with glucocorticoid combined with immune globulin and plasma exchange).After follow-up for median 12 months,3 cases relapsed,29 cases were fully recovered,5 cases had mild language impairment,2 cases had mild memory impairment,and 2 cases had involuntary movement.Conclusions The most common symptoms of the patients were psychiatric symptoms,dyskinesias and movement disorders,and speech disturbances.Children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis had a low incidence of tumors,while various pathogen infections including mycoplasma pneumonia,virus and toxoplasma gondii,which may trigger abnormal immune response of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Pathogen screening needs to be done for pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-patho-genic treatment may be helpful for disease remission.
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Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of early rehabilitation nursing in patients with early acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:A total of 78 AMI patients hospitalized in our department were enrolled and randomly divided into rehabilitation nursing group (n=39)and routine treatment group (n=39).Both groups received the same medication and routine nursing of internal medicine;rehabilitation nursing group also received rehabilitation nursing in addition.Short and long term therapeutic effects were compared and analyzed between two groups.Results:After two weeks,heart func-tion improvement of rehabilitation nursing group was significantly better than that of routine treatment group [NYHA car-diac function class I:(64.1% vs.41.0%),P0.05).Conclusion:Early rehabilitation nursing can significantly improve short and long term therapeutic effect in patients with myocardial infarc-tion,so it possesses extended value.
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Pectin, a polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of plants, was used as the drug carrier to synthesize the pectin-adriamycin conjugates (P(A)n). The structure of the conjugates was confirmed by UV and IR. The degree of esterification (DE) of the pectin was assessed, and it was found that DE significantly influenced the carboxy group contents, inherent viscosity and galacturonic acid contents of the pectin. The results of drug release test in vitro showed that the conjugate was stable in normal saline, but was gradually enzymolyzed to release the adriamycin in blood plasma and in lymph nodes. The results of lymphatic targeting study of P(A), demonstrated that the modification of DE or drug coupling capacity of pectin significantly influenced the lymphatic targeting characteristics of P (A)n. The adriamycin concentration of lymph nodes was 208 times higher than that of plasma after local injection of the P(A)n, of which the adriamycin content was 27.9% and the pectin was deesterificated 120 minutes by the use of hypothermy alkaline deesterification method.
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Animals , Rabbits , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic , Pharmacokinetics , Doxorubicin , Pharmacokinetics , Drug Carriers , Chemistry , Esterification , Lymph Nodes , Metabolism , Pectins , PharmacokineticsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between chronic atrophic antral gastritis and the decrease of somatostatin levels in blood and pyloric glands and adaptable protection ability of gastric mucosa.Methods Gastric mucosa biopsy specimen and blood samples were collected to determine the levels of somatostatin(SST)using radioimmunoassay.Histological changes between pre-and post-treatment were observed under light microscope as well as the changes of uhramicrostrucuture under transmission electron microscope.Distribution of SST in gastric mucosa was studied by immunohistochemical staining and then quantified.Results The quantities of gastric antral D cells of chronic atrophic antral gastritis decrease obviously.SST was mainly distributed in D cells of mucosa pyloric gland crypt.The nucleus of mucus epithelial cells in atrophic gastric antral crypt had SST negative staining.Mitochodria swellen,crista broken,rough endoplasmic reticulum distension,mucus secretory granules decreasing,the nuclear membranes disappearing as well as ehromatin integrating could have been seen in the intracytoplasm of mucus epitheliun cells of chronic atrophic gastric antral gastritis.The average level of SST in blood,epithelium and crypt were obviously reduced comparing to that of in the control group.By immunochemistry staining,the SST level in crypt of atrophic gastric antral gastritis Was significantly reduced comparing to that of in control group.With the level of SST in blood＜10 pg/100μl,the probability ratio of emerging atrophy Was 67.7%.Conclusions In case of no systemic inflammatory reaction state,the decreased ability of human pyloric gland D cell in producing SST not only rehtes obviously with human chronic atrophic antral gastritis but also with the weakened adaptable protection ability of gastric mucosa.
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OBJECTIVE:To establishment the method for the determination of content of vitamin A palmitate(VAP) and its related substances by HPLC. METHODS:The HPLC conditions were consisted of Phenomenex Luna C18 column with a mobile phase of a mixture of acetonitrile-isopropanol (90∶10) ,the detection wavelength of 328 nm,the column temperature of 30 ℃ and the flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. RESULTS:VAP was completely separated from impurities,the linearity range was 90～400 mg?L-1(r=0.999 2). The average recovery rate was 99.60% (RSD=1.32%). The average content of the related substances were lower than 2.53% . CONCLUSION: This accurate and reliable HPLC method is applicable for the quality control of VAP.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish an RP-HPLC method for content determination of s-omeprazole sodium and its related substances.METHODS:The separation of s-omeprazole sodium and the related substances was carried out on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column,the mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.033 mol?L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-triethylamine (58∶41.8∶0.2,adjusted to pH 7.0 by phosphate acid).The detection wavelength was 302 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL?min-1,the column temperature was 25 ℃,and the sample size was 20 ?L.RESULTS:The linear range of omeprazole sodium was 10～500 mg?L-1 (r=0.999 7).The average recovery rate was 100.27% (RSD=0.74%).The average content of the related substances in samples was 0.42%.CONCLUSION:This method is simple,accurate,specific and applicable for content determination of s-omeprazole sodium and its related substances.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of content of entecavir and its related substances. METHODS: The HPLC condition was consisted of a Luna C18 column with a column temperature at 25 ℃, using gradient eluate method, the mobile phase was acetonitrile,with a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1 and detection at 254 nm. RESULTS: The calibrated linear curve of entecavir was within 0.033 45～0.167 2 mg?mL-1(r=0.999 98). The average recovery was 100.09%,RSD=0.20%, The content of related substance was 0.54%～1.48%. CONCLUSION: This accurate and reliable HPLC method is applicable for the quality control of entecavir and its related substances.
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Aim To explore the possibility of the multiple epitope DNA vaccines of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods A synthetic multiple epitope antigen gene PCX of HCV was cloned into vector pREP9(RSV promoter) and pcDNA3 (CMV promoter) to construct eukaryotic expression vectors pREP9/PCX and pcDNA3/PCX, then they were used to immunize mice and rabbits, the titer of specific humoral and cellular responses were detected and their safety were observed. Results In mice, specific anti-GZ-PCX antibody(IgG) was lower than 1∶ 1 000 and did not persist well. In rabbits, the highest titer of anti-GZ-PCX IgG reached at 1∶ 3 200 and remained for about one month. Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions (DTH)and proliferation response of peripheral lymphocytes were induced by GZ-PCX antigen. Body weights of immunized mice were normal and no obvious toxic reaction was observed. Conclusion The multiple epitope antigen gene of HCV could induce specific immune responses without obvious toxicity and it might be able to serve as an effective HCV vaccine candidate.